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Laser + Lens = Black hole?
Billybob
Member #3,136
January 2003

Science time!

If you shoot a laser into a converging lens, all the light will concentrate at the focal point. So, at the focal point, the energy density is quite high. With a powerful enough laser, could this form a black hole?

kazzmir
Member #1,786
December 2001
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Black holes are formed by immense gravity, so I guess the question is if energy in the form of photons can produce a gravitational pull (instead of just being affected by it).

My understanding of quantum physics is limited but I thought the answer was no, photons don't create gravity.

<edit>
Bleh, should have read wikipedia first I guess.

Since photons contribute to the stress-energy tensor, they exert a gravitational attraction on other objects, according to the theory of general relativity. Conversely, photons are themselves affected by gravity; their normally straight trajectories may be bent by warped spacetime, as in gravitational lensing, and their frequencies may be lowered by moving to a higher gravitational potential, as in the Pound-Rebka experiment. However, these effects are not specific to photons; exactly the same effects would be predicted for classical electromagnetic waves.[86]

blargmob
Member #8,356
February 2007
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I don't know about a black hole; but some form of singularity maybe. I remember something I saw on the Discovery channel where they were talking about almost this exactly i.e. building a structure with many powerful lasers and concentrating the energy to theoretically create a worm-hole to travel to the future.

---
"No amount of prayer would have produced the computers you use to spread your nonsense." Arthur Kalliokoski

Myrdos
Member #1,772
December 2001

{"name":"NIF_target_chamber.jpg","src":"\/\/djungxnpq2nug.cloudfront.net\/image\/cache\/e\/2\/e2fd551ecddf54940ccac448939abcda.jpg","w":550,"h":363,"tn":"\/\/djungxnpq2nug.cloudfront.net\/image\/cache\/e\/2\/e2fd551ecddf54940ccac448939abcda"}NIF_target_chamber.jpg

"On March 10, 2009, NIF became the first laser to break the megajoule barrier, firing all 192 beams and delivering 1.1 MJ of ultraviolet light, known as 3ω, to the target chamber center in a shaped ignition pulse."

This is the most powerful laser I am aware of. National Ignition Facility

__________________________________________________

Johan Halmén
Member #1,550
September 2001

I don't think any lens would be accurate enough. A spheric lens is imperfect. I don't know if they have come up with a method to correct fully the imperfectness of a speric lens. In short, the distance from the centre of the lens to the focal point is different from the distance from the edge of the lens to the focal point. How can the waves be in phase at the focal point? And the refraction is a bit different, too, on different parts of the spherical lense.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Years of thorough research have revealed that the red "x" that closes a window, really isn't red, but white on red background.

Years of thorough research have revealed that what people find beautiful about the Mandelbrot set is not the set itself, but all the rest.

Arthur Kalliokoski
Second in Command
February 2005
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I was an astronomy dweeb as a kid, and IIRC they'd solved the spherical aberration problem long ago. Chromatic aberration was much harder (and still isn't solved perfectly) but since a laser is one wavelength, that wouldn't matter.

They all watch too much MSNBC... they get ideas.

Thomas Fjellstrom
Member #476
June 2000
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I was an astronomy dweeb as a kid, and IIRC they'd solved the spherical aberration problem long ago.

I had thought they did that with more, smaller mirrors, and post processing.

--
Thomas Fjellstrom - [website] - [email] - [Allegro Wiki] - [Allegro TODO]
"If you can't think of a better solution, don't try to make a better solution." -- weapon_S
"The less evidence we have for what we believe is certain, the more violently we defend beliefs against those who don't agree" -- https://twitter.com/neiltyson/status/592870205409353730

verthex
Member #11,340
September 2009
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yes and if you use einsteins e = mc^2 formula you could roughly estimate the amount of energy required that would be equivalent to a solar mass.

Also a decreased volume to photon count would create an increased amount of gravity.

So a trillion bazillion photons in a centimeter cube would create more gravity than the same amount of photons in a volume of the earth.

I tried finding some easy equation relating gravitational force to mass density but I'm not sure how it would work for bose einstein statistics (or photons). You can theoretically pack as many photons as imaginable into a volume of space because photons (bosons) dont behave like fermions, although if the volume of space "condenses" into a black hole then obviously theres an upper limit to bose einstein statistics and adding more photons into a black hole would increase the mass of the black hole.

type568
Member #8,381
March 2007
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Laser + Lens = eye surgery :-/
Append:
We had some thread recently, about the mass of photos.. I don't remember what was our conclusion there, but assuming photos do not have a mass(just some energy transforming to kinetic on impact)- there's no reason to think they would be producing any gravity.
Besides, the lens will burn instantly under a strong laser beam.

Evert
Member #794
November 2000
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I don't know about a black hole; but some form of singularity maybe.

And the difference is...?

Quote:

I remember something I saw on the Discovery channel where they were talking about almost this exactly i.e. building a structure with many powerful lasers and concentrating the energy to theoretically create a worm-hole to travel to the future.

Uh... right.

type568 said:

assuming photos do not have a mass(just some energy transforming to kinetic on impact)- there's no reason to think they would be producing any gravity.

I keep saying it: the source of gravity is energy, not mass, which is just a form of energy.
Anyway, I forgot the details but apparently you can't build a self-gravitating object out of photons. Having a high photon density means photon-photon (weak) interactions become important and that means you'll probably have large energy losses (from neutrinos) that the effect goes against you.

type568
Member #8,381
March 2007
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Evert said:

I keep saying it: the source of gravity is energy, not mass,

How does that correlate with the fact that world gravitation constant G is bound with.. Mass?

Evert
Member #794
November 2000
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type568 said:

How does that correlate with the fact that world gravitation constant G is bound with.. Mass?

Huh?
What do you mean?

Arthur Kalliokoski
Second in Command
February 2005
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There's a gravitational constant G, which has nothing to do with the Earth directly.

Mass is highly concentrated and stable energy, E=mc^2 and all that.

They all watch too much MSNBC... they get ideas.

type568
Member #8,381
March 2007
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Evert said:

Huh?
What do you mean?

The force of attraction between two bodies is defined by mass of each & the distance between them, and has nothing to do with energy.

Johan Halmén
Member #1,550
September 2001

I was an astronomy dweeb as a kid, and IIRC they'd solved the spherical aberration problem long ago.

They did? Well, good. But I guess what they solved was only the focusing of all light to one point, which is important when taking photos. But I bet there's no way of keeping all waves in same phase at the focal point. If the laser beam has some width and thenn you focus it to one point, different beams simply travel a longer way than others, right? And thus get out of phase.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Years of thorough research have revealed that the red "x" that closes a window, really isn't red, but white on red background.

Years of thorough research have revealed that what people find beautiful about the Mandelbrot set is not the set itself, but all the rest.

Evert
Member #794
November 2000
avatar

type568 said:

The force of attraction between two bodies is defined by mass of each & the distance between them, and has nothing to do with energy.

Ah. No, that's just Newtonian gravity, which is the low-energy weak-field limit for general relativity. In general relativity, energy (density) is the source-term for the gravitational field.
In the classical limit the energy density is dominated by what we call the mass density.

EDIT: Wikipedia link.
Also, for you information and in case you don't think I know what I'm talking about (your last message sortof suggests that), I actually have a university degree in physics. Doesn't make me an expert on everything, obviously, but this is fairly basic.

type568
Member #8,381
March 2007
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Erm. All my life I studied that Fab= (Ma*Mb)/r^2*G where a & b are two bodies.
The above link suggests that in certain cases that force is reduced, which my mind is ready to accept yet to keep somewhere on the borders of itself(while talking about things moving real-fast, I studied something like that).

But still, gravitation force takes place between two bodies, that have mass.

Is the italic text wrong?

P.S:
I really don't understand. But I live in a world, and I have ground under my feet pulling me down.

Thomas Fjellstrom
Member #476
June 2000
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type568 said:

I really don't understand. But I live in a world, and I have ground under my feet pulling me down.

Which is actually just a big ball of rest energy.

--
Thomas Fjellstrom - [website] - [email] - [Allegro Wiki] - [Allegro TODO]
"If you can't think of a better solution, don't try to make a better solution." -- weapon_S
"The less evidence we have for what we believe is certain, the more violently we defend beliefs against those who don't agree" -- https://twitter.com/neiltyson/status/592870205409353730

Evert
Member #794
November 2000
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type568 said:

But still, gravitation force takes place between two bodies, that have mass.

Is the italic text wrong?

In a sense. Within the framework of general relativity, which contains Newtonian dynamics as a limit, gravity is a curvature of space-time caused by the energy content in a given region (conceptually the entire universe, but you normally only have to worry about a small part of it).

type568
Member #8,381
March 2007
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??? <= First time it actually represents my face.

Append:

Which is actually just a big ball of rest energy.

"The reason why it just doesn't suit in to my head":
Let's say I encapsulate some gas with a timed ignition in to a ball of steel, take it to space, blah blah- so that I can really measure how it is attracting other objects. The ignition goes, the gas burns(the system remains closed, and accordingly to the "energy saving"(or how is it in English), although the mass decreases, the energy remains same(how can it get away through the steel? Or can it? If so, some other material to encapsulate it, please. Or some other energy matter even, or anti energy or whatever). So.. It's mass reduced, it'll attract stuff weaker. Although energy is the same.

Assuming the rest energy is the thing attracting stuff around, how is it possible gravitation force changed with energy staying the same?

Arthur Kalliokoski
Second in Command
February 2005
avatar

A sample of an element with 10^9 atoms at 100 degrees Celsius has more mass than a sample of the same element with 10^9 atoms at 0 degrees Celsius. No, you can't tell the difference with a bathroom scale because the scale isn't sensitive enough, but it's there just the same.

They all watch too much MSNBC... they get ideas.

Evert
Member #794
November 2000
avatar

Quote:

The ignition goes, the gas burns(the system remains closed, and accordingly to the "energy saving"(or how is it in English), although the mass decreases,

Chemical reactions (I guess that's what you're talking about when you're talking about "ignition") conserve mass (well, except the binding energy of the molecules may change, which you'd in principle be able to measure as a change in mass, but it's absolutely tiny).

Quote:

So.. It's mass reduced, it'll attract stuff weaker. Although energy is the same.

No.
The total energy content is the same, therefore the curvature of space-time ("gravity") remains the same.

Quote:

Assuming the rest energy is the thing attracting stuff around, how is it possible gravitation force changed with energy staying the same?

It's not just rest energy, it's total energy.

type568
Member #8,381
March 2007
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A sample of an element with 10^9 atoms at 100 degrees Celsius has more mass than a sample of the same element with 10^9 atoms at 0 degrees Celsius. No, you can't tell the difference with a bathroom scale because the scale isn't sensitive enough, but it's there just the same.

Some url as backup & more detail please?

However.. I was said it is impossible.

Evert said:

Chemical reactions (I guess that's what you're talking about when you're talking about "ignition") conserve mass (well, except the binding energy of the molecules may change, which you'd in principle be able to measure as a change in mass, but it's absolutely tiny).

Yes, I mean the series of chemical reactions known as burning. Fine, let it not be gas but wood or whatever. If I burn something IN that isolated system, will not it's mass reduce?

Quote:

It's not just rest energy, it's total energy.

I think the rest was related that the body is resting relatively to something, I don't know.. So let it be total energy. If it is energy attracting the other body(or it's energy, in any case producing force to pull the nearby bodies)..

So total energy encapsulated in to a body is pulling objects? Not really mass?

Arthur Kalliokoski
Second in Command
February 2005
avatar

Quote:

Some url as backup & more detail please?

I remember the actual flash of insight in science class way back around '71 when a most excellent teacher named Harris Nelson was explaining that since E=MC^2 and the burning of combustibles releases energy, the molecules produced by combustion weigh less than the molecules which went into the reaction. It made perfect sense given that everybody accepted that helium isn't quite twice as heavy as two deuterium (hydrogen isotope) atoms, but the weight reduction was much smaller given the minuscule release of energy released by chemical reactions.

Here's a URL that says the same thing.
http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/chem03/chem03534.htm

They all watch too much MSNBC... they get ideas.

type568
Member #8,381
March 2007
avatar

I didn't yet look at the url, but come on.. In the first time you referred to the mass, while in the second you referred to the weight. It's pretty much different things, mind you..

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